Finite scale theory: The role of the observer in classical fluid flow

In this paper I review a coarse-grained fluid theory named the finite scale theory and describe the development of its numerical analog, implicit large eddy simulation (ILES). The derivation, interpretation and properties of the finite scale equations are discussed and connections to other physical theory and numerical methods are elucidated.     

Numerical simulation of force and wake mode of an oscillating cylinder

The turbulent flow behind a circular cylinder subjected to forced oscillation is numerically studied at a Reynolds number of 5500 by using three-dimensional Large Eddy Simulations (3-D LES) technique with the Smagorinsky model. The filtered equations are discretised using the finite volume method with an O-type structured grid and a second-order accurate method in both time and space. Firstly, the main wake parameters of a stationary cylinder are examined and compared in the different grid resolutions. Secondly, a transversely oscillating cylinder with a constant amplitude in a uniform flow is investigated. The cylinder oscillation frequency ranges between 0.75 and 0.95 of the natural Kármán frequency, and the excitation amplitude is moderate, 50% of the cylinder diameter. The flow characteristics of an oscillating cylinder are numerically examined and the corresponding wake modes are captured firstly in 3-D LES at Re=5500. A transition between different wake modes is firstly investigated in a set of numerical simulations.     

20世纪后30年中国西北西部降水年代际变化机理分析

在全球气候变暖背景下1980年代中期中国西北西部气候发生了年代际突变,降水明显增加且主要是极端降水的贡献. 本文用欧洲中期预报中心再分析资料ERA-40计算了瞬变涡动、环流、水汽输送及其散度等的年代际变化并进行了分解分析. 结果表明, 1987年后大气环流年代际变化形成"东高西低"环流背景场,西风带向该区的水汽输送增加, 水汽辐合增强,其中主要是定常波水汽输送的贡献, 其结果是造成该区及周边空气水汽含量上升, 有利于降水或极端降水的增加. 夏季该区瞬变涡动增强且造成水汽辐合, 增加了降水天气出现的频率; 冬季瞬变涡动减弱, 天气过程减少, 说明降雪增加的原因应该是空气水汽含量增加, 导致降雪强度增加. 因此该区降水的增加即有中高纬度大气变暖变湿的贡献,也有瞬变涡动的动力作用. 未来西北西部降水的趋势主要取决于瞬变涡动与大气水汽含量变化的竞争．     

快放电直线型变压器驱动源磁芯脉冲损耗特性

建立了快脉冲磁芯损耗特性测试平台,对比研究了50 m的DG6硅钢和25 m的2605TCA非晶两种材料磁芯损耗特性;采用一种新的特征参量(磁芯单位面积上激磁电压陡度)来规范磁芯的激磁电压条件,使得实验结果与快放电直线型变压器驱动源实际工作条件下磁芯性能具有可比性;通过测量初级漏电流及次级开路电压,获得了相同激磁条件下两种磁芯等效损耗电阻的大小,50 m 的DG6硅钢磁芯损耗约为25 m的2605TCA非晶磁芯损耗的4倍;计算了两种材料磁芯总损耗中涡流损耗所占的比例,50 m的DG6硅钢磁芯涡流损耗占总损耗的75%,25 m的2605TCA非晶磁芯涡流损耗占总损耗的28%。     

脉冲磁化条件下非晶磁芯的损耗特性

基于工频或高频磁化条件下磁芯的测试数据不能准确反映磁芯在单次脉冲磁化下的性能,给出了一种脉冲磁化条件下磁芯性能的测试方法和数据处理方法,实验研究了快脉冲磁化条件下非晶态合金磁芯的损耗特性,磁芯最短饱和时间67 ns,最大磁化速率达到40 T/s。通过数据处理,给出了磁芯损耗与磁化速率的关系曲线,获得了不同磁化速率下磁芯的损耗数据。分析了脉冲磁化条件下涡流损耗和磁滞损耗所占的比例。研究结果表明:脉冲磁化条件下非晶态合金磁芯损耗与磁化速率关系符合饱和波模型,磁芯损耗随磁化速率增大而线性增大。     

圆形射流湍流场的大涡模拟研究

使用发展的大涡模拟并行程序,数值模拟了圆形射流湍流场,与实验值进行详细比较,对大涡模拟程序进行检验,并分析网格尺度对计算结果的影响。结果表明,大涡模拟计算的平均速度场和雷诺应力场与实验值符合得非常好,验证了该大涡模拟计算程序的可靠性和精确度。同时发现一阶统计矩受网格尺度影响不大,二阶及高阶矩与网格尺度有较大的关系,因此使用大涡模拟方法计算湍流及湍流燃烧问题应对网格依赖性进行必要分析,至少保证二阶统计矩具有较好的精度。     

Study of eddy current power loss in an RCS vacuum chamber

In a Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS), power loss due to an eddy current on the metal vacuum chamber would cause heating of the vacuum chamber. It is important to study the effect for estimating eddy current induced power loss and temperature growth. Analytical formulas for eddy current power loss for various types of vacuum chambers are derived for dipole and quadrupole repectively. By using the prototype of dipole of CSNS/RCS, an experiment was done to test the analytical formula. The derived formulas were applied to calculating the eddy current power loss on some special structures of an RCS vacuum chamber.     

基于FPGA驱动微陀螺旋转的移相电路

传统的微陀螺转子驱动电路采用对模拟信号直接移相实现,为了解决模拟信号直接移相时移相范围有限、调试复杂等不足,设计出了基于FPGA的数字式驱动微陀螺旋转移相电路。通过FPGA产生相位差信号,经D/A转换电路和巴特沃兹滤波电路处理后输出信号。该数字式移相方法产生的信号的相位差（0°～360°）、频率均可调,为涡流旋转微陀螺转子提供了理想的信号源。     

风口区空气流动的有限元模拟与实验研究

通风和空调出风口的射流特性主要取决于出风口截面之前的一段管道内的流动状况,研究送风口的射流偏转特性有重要实用价值.应用湍流大涡模拟技术结合Taylor-Galerkin有限单元法对工程中常见工况下的风口区管道内的三维流场进行了数值模拟和实验研究,数值计算结果与实验结果符合较好.表明湍流大涡模拟方法适合于边界形状复杂,存在各向异性的大尺度涡的内流情况,能可靠地预报风口区空气流动的射流偏转特性.     

Two dimensional analytical solution for a partially vegetated compound channel flow

The theory of an eddy viscosity model is applied to the study of the flow in a compound channel which is partially vegetated. The governing equation is constituted by analyzing the longitudinal forces acting on the unit volume where the effect of the vegetation on the flow is considered as a drag force item, The compound channel is divided into 3 sub-regions in the transverse direction, and the coefficients in every region＇s differential equations were solved simultaneously. Thus, the analytical solution of the transverse distribution of the depth-averaged velocity for uniform flow in a partially vegetated compound channel was obtained. The results can be used to predict the transverse distribution of bed shear stress, which has an important effect on the transportation of sediment. By comparing the analytical results with the measured data, the analytical solution in this paper is shown to be sufficiently accurate to predict most hydraulic features for engineering design purposes.